Социальная сеть: Совет Народных Комиссаров, SowNar.Com
Council of People's Commissars of the SowNar.Com
Социальная сеть: Совет Народных Комиссаров, SowNar.Com |
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People's Commissariats |
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Our People's Commissars |
NarkomzemPeople's Commissariat for Agriculture: Commissar (vacant) |
People's Commissariat for Military Affairs: Commissars (vacant) | People's Commissariat for Naval Affairs: Commissar (vacant) |
| People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry: Commissar (vacant) |
NarkomprosPeople's Commissariat for Education:Commissar (vacant)
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NarkomprodPeople's Commissariat for Food: Commissar (vacant) |
NarkomindelPeople's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs: Commissar (vacant) |
NKVDPeople's Commissariat for Interior Affairs: Commissar: (vacant) |
NarkomiustPeople's Commissariat for Justice: Commissar: (vacant)
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NarkomtrudPeople's Commissariat for Labour: Commissar: (vacant) |
NarkomnatsPeople's Commissariat of Nationalities: Commissar: (vacant) |
PotelPeople's Commissariat for Post and Telegraph:Commissar (vacant) |
People's Commissariat of Railways: (vacant) | NarkomfinPeople's Commissariat of Finance: Commissar (vacant) |
According to 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR and subsequent USSR constitutions, until 1946, the functions of ministers in the government of the Russian SFSR and, since 1922, the Soviet Union were performed by People's Commissars (Russian: ???????? ????????, tr.: Narodny komissar, or Narkom). Its supreme organ was the Council of People's Commissars'(????? ???????? ???????????) , abbreviated as Sovnarkom (?????????). A ministry was called People's Commissariat (Russian: ???????? ???????????, tr.: Narodny komissariat, abbreviated to narkomat), and the country's main governing body was the Council of People's Commissars. Its role was fixed in the constitution of the USSR. The Soviet republics retained their own governments which dealt with domestic matters; they were also named Sovnarkom by conventions of their pre-Union legislation.
Communists wanted to create a government of workers and peasants. Traditionally, a government is a council of ministers nominated by a ruler or by a president. The communists saw this as a bourgeois institution, and wanted to organize things differently in a workers' state. After the October revolution, political power was held by councils (soviets) of workers, peasants and soldiers. The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1917) introduced and elected the first Council of People's Commissars to manage Russia in the name of working people. The Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, also elected by the Congress of Soviets, had a function similar to that of a prime minister. The first Chairman of Sovnarkom was Vladimir Lenin.
The 1918 Soviet Constitution made the Sovnarkom of the RSFSR responsible to the Congress of Soviets for the"general administration of the affairs of the state." The constitution enabled the Sovnarkom to issue decrees carrying the full force of law when the congress was not in session. The congress then routinely approved these decrees at its next session. In fact, the Sovnarkom had already exercised governmental authority of the RSFSR since November 1917 after the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets.
Each Commissar was head of commissariat and had several deputies and a collegium which functioned as a deliberative body to advise the commissar. The first council elected by the Second All-Russian congress was composed as follows:
